Chiral Magnons: Mechanisms and Research Progress

Abstract

Chiral magnons are distinctive collective spin excitations in magnetic ordered systems, whose dispersion relations break momentum-inversion symmetry, $\omega (\mathbf{k})\ne \omega (-\mathbf{k})$, resulting in essential non-reciprocal spin-wave propagation. This built-in directionality provides new opportunities for spin information transfer, thermal-spin interconversion, and low-dissipation non-reciprocal microwave devices, which complement but differ from topological magnonics. In recent years, the proposal and rapid development of altermagnetism have broadened the physical origin and research framework of chiral magnons, making them a research frontier in condensed matter physics. This review presents a unified framework for chiral magnons, covering symmetry-breaking mechanisms, material implementation, experimental characterization, transport response, and many-body non-Hermitian dynamics, and evaluates routes toward room-temperature and device-related platforms. The discussion is based on symmetry analysis, model Hamiltonians, and spin-wave theory, combined with first-principles calculations as well as recent spectroscopic (e.g., inelastic and polarized neutron scattering, Brillouin light scattering) and transport measurements. This review further summarizes bulk-gap and Berry-curvature induced chiral magnon edge states, the enhancement of non-reciprocity via chiral spin pumping and cavity-magnon hybrids, as well as non-Hermitian features arising from multiparticle damping and gain-loss competition. This review provides a comprehensive reference for elucidating the underlying mechanisms of chiral magnons, advancing the synthesis and experimental characterization of novel materials, and also guiding the design of next-generation non-reciprocal magnonic devices.

The paper is an English translated version of the original Chinese paper published in $\mathbf{Acta}$ $\mathbf{Physica}$ $\mathbf{Sinica}$. Please cite the paper as: W. Lin, H. Deng, B. T. Wang, and D. X. Yao, Chiral magnons: Mechanisms and research progress. Acta Physica Sinica 75: 050706 (2026). doi: 10.7498/aps.75.20251645

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