Continuous solutions of the complex Kac--Bernstein functional equation on the integers and the real numbers

Abstract

In this paper, the continuous solutions of the complex Kac--Bernstein functional equation \[ f_1 ( u + v ) f_2 ( u - v ) f_1 ( u' + v' ) f_2 ( u' - v' ) = f_1 ( u + v' ) f_2 ( u - v' ) f_1 ( u' + v ) f_2 ( u' - v ) \] are classified for $\mathbb{Z}$ and $\mathbb{R}$. By using this classification for $\mathbb{Z}$, we consider a generalization of the Kac--Bernstein theorem on the one-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}$ by Baryshnikov--Eisenberg--Stadje from probability Borel measures to complex Borel measures. Similarly, the original Kac--Bernstein theorem on $\mathbb{R}$ is generalized from probability Borel measures to complex Borel measures.

24 pages, 3 tables