Non-radial solutions for the quasi-linear Hénon type $N$-Laplacian Liouville equation

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the following quasi-linear weighted $N$-Laplacian Liouville equation \begin{equation*}\label{0} -Δ_N u=|x|^{Nα}e^{u}, \qquad x\in \R^N, \end{equation*} where $N\ge 2$. For $\al>0$, by carefully studying the linearized problem and applying the approximation method and bifurcation theory, we prove that, when the parameter $\alpha$ equals to the critical values $\alpha (k):=\frac{\sqrt{k(N-1)(k+N-2)}}{N-1}-1$ for $k\ge 2$, there exist non-radial solutions $u$ (bifurcating from $U_{\alpha (k)}$) to the above quasi-linear Hénon type Liouville equation such that $u\sim \ln |x|$, $|\nabla u|=O(|x{|}^{-1})$ at $\infty$ and $\int_{\R^N}|x|^{Nα}e^{u}\md x=N\left(\frac{N^2}{N-1}\right)^{N-1}(α+1)^{N-1}ω_N$. One should note that, $\alpha (k)=k-1$ for $k\ge 2$ when $N=2$. Our results successfully extend the existence result of J. Prajapat and G. Tarantello in \cite{PT} concerning the $2$-dimension and Laplacian case (i.e., $N=2$) to the more general $N$-dimension and $N$-Laplacian cases ($N\ge 2$), and extend the results of F. Gladiali, M. Grossi, and S. L. N. Neves in \cite{GGN} and the authors in \cite{DDGL} from $1<p<N$ to the much more complicated limiting case $p=N$. We introduced some new ideas and overcame a series of crucial difficulties, including the nonlinearity nature of the $N$-Laplacian ${\Delta }_N$, the lack of Green integral representation formula and critical weighted Sobolev embedding inequality, the absence of Kelvin type transforms for linearized/difference equations, the invariance of the total mass under scalings of $u$, and the signs-changing and divergence (to $-\infty$) at $\infty$ of the solutions, which makes the suitable choices of the approximate problems, the (normalized) approximate function sequences and the working space to be quite difficult.