On the Schrödinger--Bopp--Podolsky system with indefinite potential: ground states, multiplicity and exponential decay

Abstract

In this paper, we study the Schrödinger--Bopp--Podolsky system \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} -Δu + V(x)u + ϕu = f(x,u), & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^3, -Δϕ+ a^2 Δ^2 ϕ= 4πu^2, & \text{in } \mathbb{R}^3. \end{cases} \end{equation*} We consider the case where the potential \(V\) is indefinite so that the Schrödinger operator \(-Δ+ V\) has a finite-dimensional negative space. Under suitable assumptions on the potential \(V\) and nonlinearity $f(x,u)$, we prove the existence of nontrivial solutions via a local linking argument and Morse theory. Moreover, these solutions are shown to decay exponentially at infinity. Additionally, a ground state solution is obtained by minimization techniques. Finally, if \(f(x,u)\) is odd with respect to \(u\), we obtain an unbounded sequence of solutions using the symmetric mountain pass theorem.