Structure Selection by Non-Conservative 3-Body Acoustic Interactions
arXiv:2607.14378
The paper shows that non-conservative three‑body acoustic forces can stabilize a specific static arrangement of levitated particles, selecting a flattened isosceles triangle instead of the symmetric configuration favored by conservative forces.
Abstract
Non-conservative multi-body interactions are typically associated with instabilities and activity in driven, field-mediated systems. Here we show that they can also promote stable static structures. Combining experiments and simulations in a minimal, acoustically levitated three-particle system, we tune the relative strength of conservative and non-conservative contributions to the force field. The conservative component favors a symmetric equilibrium configuration, whereas the non-conservative 3-body contribution selects a flattened isosceles triangle. Our results identify non-conservative multi-body forces as a mechanism for static structure selection in driven-dissipative matter in the absence of an effective-energy landscape.