Correlation-consistent Gaussian basis sets for copper solids from material-constrained atomic optimization
arXiv:2607.11711
The authors introduce a material-constrained atomic optimization (MCAO) framework to generate correlation‑consistent Gaussian basis sets for copper solids that avoid linear‑dependence problems, and they provide benchmark basis sets and CBS‑extrapolated RPA results for bulk Cu and CO adsorption on Cu(111).
Abstract
Correlation-consistent Gaussian basis sets are central to systematic molecular quantum chemistry, but their direct use in periodic solids is often limited by severe linear dependence from diffuse atomically optimized primitives. This problem is particularly acute for metallic and metal-containing systems, where reliable complete-basis-set (CBS) extrapolation is needed for correlated-wavefunction benchmarks. We introduce material-constrained atomic optimization (MCAO), a basis-set optimization framework that preserves the atomic and correlation-consistent character of Gaussian basis sets while penalizing large overlap-matrix condition numbers in representative solids. As a proof of concept, we generate Dunning-style MCAO-cc-pVXZ basis sets (X = D, T, Q) for Cu with all-electron, scalar-relativistic all-electron, effective core potential (ECP), and pseudopotential treatments. The resulting basis sets remain numerically stable for Cu solids and surfaces while reproducing molecular Cu dimer energetics and plane-wave reference properties of bulk Cu. CBS-extrapolated random-phase approximation calculations further enable a controlled assessment of pseudopotential, relativistic, and basis-set errors in bulk Cu and CO adsorption on Cu(111), providing scalar-relativistic all-electron Gaussian-basis benchmarks for the CO adsorption puzzle.