Tunable Chaos in the Finite Mean SYK Model

Abstract

The complex Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model, featuring fermions with all-to-all interactions, serves as a dual paradigm for understanding non-Fermi liquid behavior and the holographic nature of charged black holes. Two defining characteristics of the standard SYK model are its maximal chaos (Lyapunov exponent $\hat{I}{»}_{\mathrm{L}}=2\ddot{I}€T$ at temperature $T$), and its finite zero-temperature residual entropy. While previous studies have largely focused on couplings drawn from a zero-mean Gaussian distribution, we investigate a generalized model with a finite mean-to-standard-deviation ratio, $g\equiv J_0/\hat{I}´J$ of the coupling distribution in order to get deeper insight into the evolution of chaos. We find that increasing $g$ yields the following effects: (i) The system remains a fast scrambler with $\hat{I}{»}_{\mathrm{L}}=AT$, but with a suppressed coefficient $A<2\ddot{I}€$. (ii) In the limit $g\to \infty$, out-of-time-ordered correlators (OTOCs) no longer exhibit exponential growth with $\hat{I}{»}_{\mathrm{L}}\simeq 0$. (iii) The spectral correlations indicative of late-time chaos maintain Wigner-Dyson level spacing statistics for all values of $g$. (iv) The system preserves a finite residual entropy, albeit with reduced magnitude, for all $g$ values. We conclude that in this generalized SYK model, there is a chaotic to non-chaotic crossover. Moreover different measures of chaos decouple, demonstrating that the presence of finite residual entropy does not strictly imply maximal chaos.

23 pages, 12 figures