Quasimorphisms and Poincaré duality in dimension 3

Abstract

We study ${\mathrm{PD}}^3$ groups which admit an unbounded quasimorphism to $\mathbb{R}$ with coarsely connected quasikernel. We show that such a group $G$ must either arise as the fundamental group of a torus or Klein-bottle bundle over $S^1$, or be quasiisometric to a Riemannian manifold $({\mathbb{R}}^3,g)$ of bounded geometry, with the quasikernel being coarsely equivalent to ${\mathbb{H}}^2$. If $G$ is moreover hyperbolic, it admits a faithful action on $S^1$ by quasisymmetric homeomorphisms. Our approach features a coarse generalisation of Shapiro's lemma, and a new definition of homological isoperimetric inequalities for metric spaces; these tools make use of Margolis's framework for coarse homological algebra.

v2: 47 pages. We strengthened Theorem A by showing that the manifold that $G$ is quasiisometric to is of bounded geometry, and added Section 11 to prove this. Comments welcome!