Detection and luminosity-dependent evolution of the high-energy hump in the Be/X-ray pulsar 1A 1118-61

Abstract

Context. Accreting X-ray pulsars exhibit strong luminosity-dependent changes in their broad-band spectra. At high luminosities, their spectra are usually described by a power-law continuum with a high-energy cutoff, whereas low-luminosity observations have revealed a two-hump spectral morphology. Aims. We aim to trace the luminosity-dependent spectral evolution of the Be/X-ray pulsar 1A 1118-61 and to constrain the luminosity range over which the high-energy hump becomes clearly distinguishable. Methods. We use dense SRG/ART-XC and Insight-HXMT monitoring, together with three broad-band NuSTAR observations of 1A 1118-61 obtained during its 2026 outburst, to trace the luminosity-dependent evolution of the spectral shape. The ART-XC data follow the decay from a peak luminosity of $\simeq 7\times 10^{37}$ erg s${}^{-1}$ to a low-luminosity plateau at $\simeq (3$-$8)\times 10^{35}$ erg s${}^{-1}$ in the 4-35 keV band, while the NuSTAR observations provide broad-band spectra during the bright phase, the decline, and the plateau. We describe the continuum with a phenomenological two-component Comptonization model. Results. As the source faded, the broad-band continuum developed a distinct high-energy hump, giving rise to a two-hump morphology with broad maxima near $\sim$10 keV and $\sim$30-40 keV. The ART-XC monitoring constrains the transition to this morphology to $L_{4-35}\simeq (0.8$-$1.8)\times 10^{36}$ erg s${}^{-1}$. We also find a break in the luminosity dependence of the flux ratio between the two continuum humps around $L_{4-35}\sim 10^{37}$ erg s${}^{-1}$. A cyclotron line at $\simeq 55$ keV is detected in the high-energy hump, with no significant luminosity dependence of its centroid energy. We discuss this behavior in the context of resonant interactions in the magnetized accretion flow.

9 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to A&A