Electrical observation via spin Seebeck effect of fractionalized excitations in a magnetic insulator

Abstract

Fractionalized excitations are among the most striking signatures of emergence in quantum matter. While widely sought in frustrated magnets, their detection and characterization remain challenging, motivating the exploration of new probes. Meanwhile, Spintronics offers versatile tools for probing spin-related phenomena. In particular, the spin Seebeck effect (SSE) converts thermally driven magnetic excitations into a voltage in an adjacent metal, providing electrical access to the underlying dynamics and transport properties. Here we employ the SSE to probe emergent magnetic monopoles in the non-collinear Ising magnet Dy${}_2$Ti${}_2$O${}_7$, a rare instance of a three-dimensional fractionalized magnet. We observe an SSE signal featuring a pronounced peak at monopole proliferation, accompanied by characteristic frequency and angular dependence. Our results broaden the scope of spintronic methods for detecting exotic excitations, provide new insights into magnetic insulators generally and monopole physics specifically, and suggest the potential of quantum materials as functional interfaces.

This version supersedes the previous version, arXiv:2509.18422, with one additional figure in the main text, corrected errors, an expanded author list, the inclusion of a theoretical model, and other minor revisions. 39 pages, 4+5 figures