Casimir effect in Plebański nonlinear electrodynamics with spontaneously Lorentz-breaking magnetic vacua

Abstract

We study the Casimir effect in a class of gauge-invariant nonlinear electrodynamics models designed to admit spontaneously Lorentz-breaking magnetic vacua. The theory is formulated in the Plebański first-order representation, with a single-invariant Hamiltonian potential \(\widehat V(P)\) as the fundamental nonlinear object. In this formulation, nontrivial magnetic vacua are stationary points of the reduced effective Hamiltonian. The symmetry-breaking condition is controlled by \(\Sm(P)\equiv\widehat V_P(P)+2P\widehat V_{PP}(P)\), which also controls the rank of the longitudinal magnetic response and of the Hamiltonian constraint structure. Taking this Lorentz-breaking nonlinear electrodynamics as the model under study, we analyze how the distinction between the regular constant-rank sector and the degenerate magnetic vacuum enters the parallel-plate Casimir spectrum. Linearization around a regular magnetic background \(\bar P\), with \(\Sm(\bar P)\neq0\), yields an ordinary Maxwell-like branch and an extraordinary anisotropic branch controlled by \(α(\bar P)=\widehat V_P(\bar P)/\Sm(\bar P)\). We compute the regularized Casimir energy for magnetic backgrounds perpendicular and parallel to the plates. In the regular-sector limit \(\bar P\to P_\star\), with \(\Sm(P_\star)=0\), the extraordinary branch becomes singular and the parallel-configuration energy diverges. This divergence is not an infinite physical Casimir force; it signals that the regular two-branch optical description cannot be continued uniformly to the rank-changing magnetic vacuum. Direct analysis on the degenerate surface shows that the extraordinary branch does not survive as an independent propagating mode for generic momenta. Thus, quantizing the regular theory and then taking \(\Sm\to0\) is not equivalent to imposing \(\Sm(P_\star)=0\) before quantization.

15 pages, no figures