Interaction-Phase Dynamics and Spectral Organization in Damped Higher-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Models

Abstract

We investigate the dynamical mechanisms underlying contrasting nonlinear Floquet spectral evolutions in viscously damped and nonlinear mean-flow damped higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger models. A reduced five-mode carrier-sideband truncation is derived in amplitude-phase variables to isolate principal interaction phases associated with dominant four-wave interaction products. Within this framework, viscous damping acts modewise without explicitly contributing to leading interaction-phase equations, whereas nonlinear mean-flow damping acts through coupled mean-flow interactions and generates terms of the form $-{\kappa }_j\sin ({\psi }_j)$ in the carrier-sideband regime. The reduced system serves as a mechanism-identification model. To interpret the interaction-phase evolution, we examine recurrent NLS benchmark solutions whose modulation dynamics and Floquet spectrum are independently characterized, showing that substantial interaction-phase evolution can coexist with recurrent modulation and invariant Floquet-band structure. Full-PDE diagnostics compare phase dynamics within spectral regimes identified for both damped systems. Under nonlinear mean-flow damping, interaction phases develop persistent large-scale evolution, with larger phase changes remaining tied to recurrent focusing events while the Floquet-band configuration persists. Under viscous damping, large-scale phase trends change repeatedly without systematic association with recurrent focusing, while the Floquet spectrum undergoes repeated critical-point crossings and band reconfiguration. A Fourier-energy assessment confirms this contrast is not simply due to broader Fourier mode excitation in the viscous system, supporting a structural distinction in how the two dissipative mechanisms act on dominant carrier-sideband interactions.

31 pages, 28 figures