Thermostats, Not Engines: A New Picture of Halo Gas Regulation

Abstract

We propose that black hole feedback regulates gas in massive halos by establishing an entropy ceiling; the resulting buoyant gas migrates to the virial radius with no additional energy input required. The FLAMINGO simulations support this picture: at the virial radius, outflow entropy is mass-independent for isotropic thermal feedback but depends on the solid angle of directly heated gas for jet feedback. Above a critical halo mass $M_\rm{crit} \approx 10^{13.5\text{--}14}\, M_\odot$, virial shocks overwhelm the ceiling, predicting rejuvenation of star formation in the most massive galaxies, supported by new low-redshift evidence from star formation rates and morphologies.

7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Comments welcome. Companion paper Pontzen et al. in this arxiv listing