Charge-dependent scalarization of Einstein- Euler-Heisenberg black holes

Abstract

Charge-dependent scalarization of the Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg (EEH) black hole is carried out in the EEH-scalar theory by introducing an exponential scalar coupling with coupling constant $\alpha$ to the Maxwell and nonlinear electrodynamic terms. The bald black hole (EEHBH) is described by mass $M$ and arbitrary magnetic charge $q$ and has a single horizon when choosing the action parameter $\mu =0.3$. Here, we find the critical onset charge $q_c=r_{+}^2/\sqrt{2\mu }$ with $r_{+}(M,q_c)$ the outer horizon radius from the resonance condition. The spontaneous scalarization (${\alpha }^{+}$) of this black hole is available for charge $0<q<q_c=1.115$ for $M=1$ and $\mu =0.3$, with positive $\alpha$, whereas its new scalarization (${\alpha }^{-}$) occurs for $q>q_c$ and negative $\alpha$. The former case of $q=0.5$ implies infinite branches of scalarized EEHBHs but its fundamental branch ($n=0$) is stable against the $l=0$ modes considered here, while for $q=2$ and $q=20$, one stable scalarized branch is found for each charge within the explored parameter ranges.

arXiv comment28 pages, 11 figures, to appear in EPJC