Thermal and spatial confinement effects in Podolsky electrodynamics
arXiv:2605.12115
Abstract
In this work, Podolsky theory, a second-order, Lorentz- and gauge-invariant extension of classical electrodynamics, is considered. The effects of Podolsky's modification on fundamental phenomena such as the Stefan-Boltzmann law and the Casimir effect for the electromagnetic field are investigated. The Thermo Field Dynamics (TFD) formalism is employed to describe quantum fields at finite temperature and under spatial confinement through its topological structure.
19 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in EPJP