Permutation-symmetric quantum trajectories

Abstract

We show how one may perform a stochastic unravelling which respects weak permutation symmetry for general models of $N$ emitters coupled to a common system (e.g. a cavity mode). Our work extends prior work by Zhang et al. [2018 New J. Phys. 20 112001] which provided an efficient quantum jump approach for a restricted subset of such problems. For problems involving $2$-level emitters, such an unravelling reduces the computational cost from $\mathcal{O}(N^5)$ to $\mathcal{O}(N^2)$, and with additional refinements, allows reduction to $\mathcal{O}(N)$. This significantly increases the range of system sizes for which one can model exact quantum dynamics of such systems. We further show how the method can also be applied to $d$-level systems, with computational effort scaling as $\mathcal{O}(N^{d(d-1)/2})$, and we show it allows large-$N$ simulations for $d=3$.

Revised manuscript, added references to other relevant work