Counterexamples for lacunary dilates via dyadic spike blocks

Abstract

We construct dyadic lacunary counterexamples for two problems of Erdős on pointwise behavior of dilates on the circle. The main device is a dyadic spike block: rare positive spikes create long positive runs in the lacunary averages, while a deterministic lower floor prevents cancellation from the remaining stages. The endpoint construction gives a mean-zero $f\in {\bigcap }_{1\le q<\infty }{L}^q(\mathbb{T})$ and a sequence $n_j=2^{m_j}$, $n_{j+1}/n_j\ge 2$, such that $$\Vert f-S_{N}f{\Vert }_2\ll (\log \log N{)}^{-1/2},\underset{N\to \infty }{\mathrm{limsup}}\frac{1}{N}\sum _{j\le N}f(n_{j}x)=+\infty$$ for almost every $x$. Thus Matsuyama's positive theorem at exponent $c>1/2$ cannot be extended to the endpoint $c=1/2$, and Erdős Problem #996 has a negative answer. A second choice of parameters gives, for every $2\le p<\infty$, functions $f\in L^p(\mathbb{T})$ with $$\underset{N\to \infty }{\mathrm{limsup}}\frac{{\sum }_{j\le N}f(n_{j}x)}{N(\log N{)}^{1/p-\epsilon }}=+\infty (\epsilon >0)$$ almost everywhere; the case $p=2$ answers Erdős Problem #995. We also include a bounded small-set companion construction.

v2: 27 pages, simplified proofs and strengthened main result