Haar-random-state statistics as a guide to state preparation in globally controlled Rydberg atom arrays

Abstract

Rydberg atom arrays are powerful platforms for studying quantum many-body systems. We consider the Rydberg-Ising Hamiltonian in a ring geometry and numerically study ensembles of states generated by random global pulse sequences subject to hardware constraints and fixed evolution times. We compare the statistical properties of such states with those of Haar-random states within the relevant lattice symmetry sector. In the strong-interaction regime (short interatomic distance), the dynamics is governed by an effective blockade that restricts Hilbert-space exploration and limits entanglement growth. In this regime, level-spacing statistics of the entanglement spectrum are close to random-matrix predictions, while the distribution of measurement probabilities deviates from Porter-Thomas behavior. For weaker interactions (larger interatomic distance), the system approaches Haar-like statistics at long times, as reflected in entanglement entropy, entanglement-spectrum statistics, and the distribution of measurement probabilities. At intermediate interactions, this behavior is observed on experimentally relevant timescales. Motivated by this observation, we investigate whether individual target states can be efficiently prepared using quantum optimal control in this regime. Employing target states drawn from an ensemble with a broad entropy distribution, we observe high fidelities (infidelities between 10^-5 and 3 x 10^-2 for nine spins). Within this ensemble, the fidelity decreases with the entanglement entropy of the target state, indicating that highly entangled targets are more difficult to prepare under the considered finite-time control constraints.

17 pages, 11 figures