Non-diffracting meronic spin defects of light

Abstract

Optical vortices are singularity lines where the light field intensity vanishes and its phase is undefined. These threads of darkness are adorned by Gauss's law as lines of pure longitudinal polarization where the polarization plane tilts and winds around. We unveil the resulting spin field as a unique structure which unifies both topological textures and defects, as it includes a point defect of undefined spin surrounded by a meronic texture which spans half the spin unit sphere. Moreover, this intricate topological structure of transverse spin does not spread in propagation, is localized arbitrarily below the wavelength of light and presents highly anisotropic features. Here we describe these hidden topologies of transverse spin embedded in simple scalar vortex beams, highlighting the diversity of topological structures that arise in two different spaces -- the spin unit sphere and the transverse-axial Poincaré sphere -- and discuss the underlying aspects behind their subwavelength localization.

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