Free Left Distributive Algebras and a Canonical Extension

Abstract

Assuming a large cardinal hypothesis, Laver gave a representation of the monogenerated free left distributive algebra (LDA) using elementary embeddings and used this representation to prove many algebraic results. Some of these results were later proved by Dehornoy in ZFC, without the large cardinal hypotheses. However, there is an important algebraic result whose consistency strength is unknown. (See Laver (1995) and Dougherty & Jech (1997).) Recent results [arXiv:2508.02244] extend the connection between elementary embeddings of set theory and free LDAs to the many-generated case. Assuming large cardinals, we prove two results. First, we prove that finitely-generated free LDAs with distinct numbers of generators are ${\Sigma }_1$-elementarily equivalent but not ${\Sigma }_2$-elementarily equivalent. We also prove a partial structural analogue to Laver's representation of LDAs. We construct an extension of the monogenerated free LDA where application by any fixed element is an elementary embedding of LDAs. We argue that this extension is canonical by demonstrating homogeneity and universality properties. These results also provide additional examples of algebraic properties provable from large cardinals without known proofs from the standard axioms of set theory.

arXiv comment36 pages. Cited in abstract: Richard Laver (1995). On the algebra of elementary embeddings of a rank into itself in Advances in Mathematics, vol. 110, pages 334-346; Randall Dougherty and Thomas Jech, (1997). Finite left-distributive algebras and embedding algebras, Advances in Mathematics, vol. 130, pages 201-241; and arXiv:2508.02244