Exact general relativistic solutions for a cylindrically symmetric stiff fluid matter source

Abstract

In this work, we derive the general solutions for a cylindrically symmetric space-time filled with a cosmological perfect fluid obeying $p=\gamma \rho$ ($0\le \gamma \le 1$), where $\gamma =1$ represents a stiff or Zeldovich fluid. Using Marder's metric with coefficients depending on $t$ and $r$, we obtain explicit solutions of the gravitational field equations for the three cases $\delta =1,0,-1$, corresponding to exponential, power-law, and trigonometric behaviors of the metric functions. The resulting space-times exhibit anisotropic evolution, nontrivial expansion and shear, and curvature singularities, with energy density and pressure profiles determined by the integration constants. These solutions provide a comprehensive framework for modeling cylindrically symmetric cosmologies, offering insights into early-universe dynamics and anisotropic gravitational phenomena. The versatility of the solutions also opens avenues for extensions to higher-dimensional or modified gravity scenarios, making them a valuable tool for both theoretical and phenomenological studies in general relativity.

17 pages, accepted for publication in EPJC