paper

Phase transition for a black hole with matter fields and the relation with the Lyapunov exponent

arXiv:2604.00753 · doi:10.1140/epjp/s13360-026-08210-6

Abstract

We construct static black hole solutions coexisting with anisotropic matter in asymptotically (anti-)de Sitter spacetime and investigate how the matter field modifies their thermodynamic and dynamical properties. The anisotropic matter generates an exponentially decaying charge-like contribution to the metric, causing the geometry to interpolate between the Schwarzschild black hole in anti-de Sitter spacetime and the Reissner-Nordström black hole in anti-de Sitter spacetime. In anti-de Sitter black hole spacetime, we derive the complete thermodynamic description, including the Hawking temperature, heat capacity, Smarr relation, generalized first law, and Helmholtz free energy. The system exhibits a van der Waals-type small/large black hole phase transition with a critical point determined by the matter field parameters. Local thermodynamic stability is characterized by the heat capacity, whereas global stability is determined through the free energy. We further investigate unstable homoclinic orbits by evaluating the Lyapunov exponent associated with null geodesics. Our analysis reveals that different thermodynamic branches possess distinct dynamical instabilities, and that the thermodynamically preferred phase is accompanied by a smaller Lyapunov exponent. These results demonstrate that thermodynamic stability and geodesic instability are correlated because both originate from the same underlying spacetime geometry.

28 pages, 10 figures, ref. papers added, typos are corrected

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