Efficiency limits in in-line imaging

Abstract

In-line phase-contrast imaging, also known as propagation-based imaging or Gabor holography, is capable of delivering significant gains in image quality, compared to attenuation-based imaging at the same radiation dose. Image quality metrics, including signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution, are considered, and their relationship to the amount of Shannon information in the image is discussed. It is demonstrated that it is possible to increase the image quality gain by combining known phase retrieval methods with deconvolution of the point-spread function (PSF) of the imaging system, with the highest gain achieved using the Contrast Transfer Function correction method in combination with the PSF deconvolution. The ultimate limit of this gain is determined by the ratio of the real decrement to the imaginary part of the complex refractive index of the imaged sample. Analytical results for the image quality limits in in-line imaging are obtained using a Gaussian model for the detector PSF. A numerically simulated example confirming the theoretical results is also presented.

51 pages, 4 tables, 5 figures