${\chi }^2$-cut-off phenomenon for Galerkin projections of Fokker-Planck equations with monomial potentials

Abstract

In this manuscript, we establish the existence/non-existence of the cut-off phenomenon for the Langevin--Kolmogorov random dynamics with monomial convex potentials, possible singular, and driven by a Brownian motion with small strength. We consider a truncated ${\chi }^2$-distance, that is, a distance based on Galerkin projections of the eigensystem, and show that not only a refined knowledge of the eigenvalues is needed but also a refined asymptotics of the growth for the eigenfunctions of the Fokker--Planck equations associated to the Langevin--Kolmogorov dynamics. In addition, this explicit analysis yields asymptotics of the mixing times and, in some regimes, information on the limiting profile, going beyond the product condition and the cut-off window alone.