A Density--Delay Law for Event-Driven State Progression in Open Distributed Systems

Abstract

This paper studies delay-induced competition in an honest event-driven longest-chain network and distinguishes selected-tip divergence from lowest-common-ancestor (LCA) competing-branch depth. With density--delay load \(x_N=λΔ_{\max}\), regenerative analysis gives the explicit network-size-uniform bound \(μ_N(x_N)\le e^{2x_N}+e^{x_N}-2\) on proposal-clock mean LCA depth. Bounded \(x_N\) suffices for this guarantee. At fixed delay, \(g(N)=O(1/N)\) is one corresponding input-rate scaling. An explicit finite-horizon depth-exceedance bound is also established. Explicit-node simulations show strong load effects and comparatively small finite-size effects. The results concern honest contention, not adversarial security.