msData: A Millisecond-Resolution Network Dataset for Advancing Time Series Foundation Models

Abstract

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) require diverse, real-world datasets to adapt across varying domains and temporal frequencies. However, current large-scale datasets predominantly focus on low-frequency time series with sampling intervals, i.e., time resolution, in the range of seconds to years, hindering their ability to capture the nuances of high-frequency time series data. To address this limitation, we introduce a novel dataset, \textbf{msData}, that captures millisecond-resolution wireless and traffic conditions from an operational 5G wireless deployment, expanding the scope of TSFMs to incorporate high-frequency data for pre-training. Further, the dataset introduces a new domain, namely, wireless networks, thus complementing existing more general domains like energy and finance. The dataset also provides use cases for short-term forecasting, with prediction horizons spanning from 1 millisecond (1 step) to 96 milliseconds (96 steps). To demonstrate the utility of the dataset, we benchmark traditional machine learning models, transformer-based deep learning models, and TSFMs on forecasting tasks using representative subsets of the data, including a static mobility pattern within YouTube traffic class and a train mobility pattern within Web Browsing traffic class. Across these data distributions, we demonstrate that most TSFM model configurations perform poorly in both zero-shot and fine-tuned settings. Our work underscores the importance of incorporating high-frequency datasets during pre-training and forecasting to enhance architectures, fine-tuning strategies, generalization, and robustness of TSFMs in real-world applications. Code is available at this repository: https://github.com/khanalsubina/msData. Data is available on: \href{https://huggingface.co/datasets/subinak/Open_RAN_Performance_Measurement_Dataset_with_Traffic_and_Mobility_Labels}{Hugging Face}.