Design and mechanical analysis of the PRAGYA tokamak vacuum vessel

Abstract

PRAGYA is India's first privately developed low aspect ratio tokamak designed by Pranos Fusion Energy. The device is designed for a plasma major radius (R0) of about 0.4 m, a plasma minor radius (a) greater than 0.18 m, a plasma current (Ip) of up to 25 kA, and a toroidal magnetic field (B_T) of 0.1 T. The PRAGYA vacuum vessel incorporates several distinctive features, including a toroidal electrical break to minimize induced eddy currents and a double O-ring arrangement to reduce vacuum leakage. This paper presents the final design of the PRAGYA vacuum vessel and a comprehensive three-dimensional (3D) finite element model (FEM) assessment of its structural performance. The analysis evaluates the effects of self-weight, atmospheric pressure loading, and thermal stress arising from in-situ baking. The results confirm that the design satisfies the required safety margins under these combined loading conditions, providing a robust foundation for subsequent plasma operations in this compact tokamak.

Pranos fusion vacuum vessel