Detection and Astrometry of the Ba-Bb Subsystem in $\alpha$ Piscium: First Dual-Field Interferometry at the CHARA Array

Abstract

We present the first on-sky demonstration of dual-field interferometry at the CHARA Array and the first direct resolution of the inner Ba--Bb subsystem in the bright hierarchical triple $\alpha$ Piscium. Using $H$-band fringe tracking on component A with MIRC-X to stabilize $K$-band science fringes on component B with MYSTIC, we detected a companion at a projected separation of 7 mas, confirming a long-suspected but previously unresolved short-period subsystem within the B component. The nearly equal $H/K$-band flux ratio indicates that Ba and Bb are near-twin F-type stars, consistent with the two narrow-lined components seen in optical spectra of B. By combining CHARA interferometry with archival VLTI/GRAVITY astrometry and radial velocities from archival and new spectroscopy (NARVAL and ARCES), we derive a well-constrained orbit with a period of $P=25$ d, eccentricity $e\simeq 0.6$, and inclination $i\simeq 65^{\circ }$, yielding precise dynamical masses of $1.668\pm 0.033M_{\odot }$ and $1.646\pm 0.029M_{\odot }$. No additional companion is detected down to $\Delta H\approx 5$ at separations of 0.2--2 AU. We also obtained dual-field differential astrometry of the wide A--B pair with a precision of ~0.234 mas at a separation of $1.85^{\prime \prime }$, with an error budget dominated by internal delay-line actuators, fringe-tracking performance and chromatic dispersion. While the long-period outer orbit is not refined by these measurements, their agreement with the published astrometric orbit provides an on-sky validation of the CHARA dual-field mode. These results establish $\alpha$ Psc as a well-characterized hierarchical system suitable for future benchmark studies and demonstrate CHARA's new capability for off-axis interferometry and sub-mas astrometry on arcsecond-scale binaries.

Accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal (AJ). 22 pages, 11 figures, 7 Tables