paper

Learning-Performance Evaluation of a Physical Reservoir Based on a Vortex Spin-Torque Oscillator with a Modified Free Layer

arXiv:2603.01351 · doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2026.174486

Abstract

In this study, we numerically evaluate the learning performance of a vortex spin-torque oscillator (VSTO) with a modified free layer, called a modified VSTO (m-VSTO), in which an additional layer (AL) of smaller radius is stacked on the free layer, for physical reservoir computing. The vortex-core dynamics are computed using the Thiele equation incorporating the potential deformation induced by the AL. We identify the edge of chaos from the maximal Lyapunov exponent and quantify the short-term memory capacity (STMC) as well as the information processing capacity (IPC) in a time-multiplexed reservoir scheme. We find that the m-VSTO exhibits finite STMC and IPC in a low-current and low-field regime below the threshold current of the conventional VSTO, and can achieve up to approximately twice the IPC with about one quarter of the power consumption. The pulse-width dependence of the IPC can be further interpreted by combining an analytical estimate of the transient time with Lyapunov-exponent data. Longer pulse widths promote stronger recovery-induced contraction toward the groove-trapped orbit over a wide range of subthreshold currents. In contrast, this difference in contraction rate becomes less pronounced near the threshold current, where the transient time increases rapidly. Consequently, the IPC is enhanced in a stable regime with a negative Lyapunov exponent rather than exactly at the edge of chaos. These results suggest that engineering the potential landscape and pulse-width-dependent recovery dynamics enables low-power spintronic physical reservoirs.

8 pages, 5 figures

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