Anisotropic flows of light-flavor and charmed hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at LHC energy

Abstract

We apply a constituent quark equal-velocity combination (EVC) model to study the elliptic flow ($v_2$) and triangular flow ($v_3$) of light-flavor and single-charmed hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 2.76 and 5.02 TeV. $v_{2,3}$ of hadrons in the EVC model can be expressed as a linear superposition of the $v_{2,3}$ of quarks at the same velocity as that of the hadrons. We find that available experimental data for $v_2$ and $v_3$ of $p$, $\hat{I}›$, $\hat{I}ž$, and $\hat{I}\text{c◯}$ as the function of transverse momentum ($p_T$) can be consistently explained by the EVC formula using a $v_2$ of up/down quarks and a $v_2$ of strange quarks. In comparison with $v_2$ data of $\ddot{I}•$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$2.76 TeV which can be naturally explained by $v_2$ of strange quarks, explanation of data of $\ddot{I}•$ mesons at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$5.02 TeV requires an additional contribution of two-kaon coalescence, which indicates approximately 20% influence of final-state hadronic rescattering on $v_2$ of $\ddot{I}•$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$5.02 TeV. Using $v_2$ and $v_3$ of light-flavor quarks obtained in studying light-flavor hadrons and $v_2$ and $v_3$ of charm quarks determined from $D^0$ meson data, we apply the EVC model to predict the anisotropic flows of $D_s^{+}$, $\hat{I}{›}_c^{+}$, $\hat{I}{ž}_c^0$, and $\hat{I}{\text{c◯}}_c^0$ and compare them with the available experimental data. The preliminary data for $v_2$ of $D^0$, $D_s^{+}$, and $\hat{I}{›}_c^{+}$ at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 5.36 TeV are found to be naturally described by the EVC model.