Some effective operators for graphene monolayer superlattices, from variational perturbation theory

Abstract

Our goal is to provide precise effective operators for monolayer graphene at Fermi energy. We consider the microscopic potential created by a lattice, and add a macroscopic potential with the same periodicity but varying at a scale ${\epsilon }^{-1}\in \mathbb{N}$, creating a superlattice. Our approach consists in coupling the variational approximation, perturbation theory together with a multiscale method. At the effective level the usual massless Dirac operator is replaced by other operators, and we provide simulations in the case of graphene.