WFST Supernovae in the First Year: III. Systematical Study of the Photometric Behavior of Early-phase Core-collapse Supernovae

Abstract

We investigate the multiband photometric properties of seven supernovae (SNe) showing double-peaked light-curve evolution and prominent shock-cooling emission, observed by the Wide Field Survey Telescope (WFST) during its first year of operation. By jointly employing an analytic early shock-cooling model and the Arnett radioactive-diffusion model, we fit the bolometric light curves and infer ejecta masses in the range $1.1$-$2.6M_{\odot }$, consistent with a transitional population between ultra-stripped supernovae (USSNe) and normal stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe). The envelope masses are estimated to be $M_{\mathrm{env}}=0.1$-$0.4M_{\odot }$, while the progenitors are constrained to be yellow or blue supergiants (YSGs/BSGs) with radii of $R=120$-$300R_{\odot }$. Using empirical relations, we estimate progenitor luminosities of $L=10^{4.6}$-$10^{4.9}{L}_{\odot }$, corresponding to zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) masses of $8$-$20M_{\odot }$. Theoretical models suggest that such progenitors are more naturally produced through binary evolution channels, as single-star evolutionary pathways are unable to yield ejecta masses this low.

13 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables, submitted to ApJ