Divergence-form equations admitting nowhere $C^1$ Lipschitz weak solutions

Abstract

We study a class of partial differential equations in divergence form that admit highly irregular Lipschitz weak solutions. By reformulating these divergence-form equations as a first-order partial differential relation and adapting the convex integration scheme recently developed in \cite{GKY26} for irregular diffusion equations, we show that the same structural Condition~$O_N$ introduced there also ensures the existence of Lipschitz weak solutions that are nowhere $C^1$ for the corresponding time-independent equations in bounded domains, under suitable boundary data. In particular, for the smooth strongly polyconvex functions on ${\mathbb{R}}^{2\times n}$ constructed in that paper for all $n\ge 2$, the associated Euler--Lagrange equations admit Lipschitz weak solutions that are nowhere $C^1$ and satisfy zero boundary conditions in any bounded domain of ${\mathbb{R}}^n$. Our approach relies on new building blocks constructed from the same wave cone and ${\mathcal{T}}_N$-configurations employed in the analysis of diffusion equations.