Almost groupoids and their substructures

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to present the main constructions of the substructures of an almost groupoid and to discuss their basic properties. The definitions and properties concerning these new algebraic constructions extend to almost groupoids, the corresponding well-known results for groupoids.

13. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2510.27652, arXiv:2408.00562 by other authors