On the Jeans criterion for hydrostatic and infalling gas

Abstract

We study the local gravitational instability of non-rotating astrophysical fluids allowing for the presence of an external gravitational potential in addition to the fluid self-gravity. We present a self-consistent linear-perturbation analysis taking into account pressure and density gradients in the background medium. We explore two different steady-state configurations for the unperturbed gas: hydrostatic equilibrium and infall into a gravitational potential well. We show that in both cases the instability criterion is the classical Jeans criterion, which, contrary to previous claims, is not modified by the presence of the external gravitational field. While in the case of hydrostatic equilibrium linear local perturbations are always gravitationally stable, the conditions for gravitational instability can be met in the case of infalling gas, also in the presence of additional non-gravitational forces such as that due to a wind. We conclude that the Jeans criterion can have a role in regulating the formation of clumps and star clusters in streams or shells of gas infalling into galactic gravitational potential wells, as well as, on smaller scales, the fragmentation of gas in collapsing molecular clouds.

6 pages, 1 figures, A&A in press

References in corpus (12)

• Gravitational Instabilities in Circumstellar Disks
• Efficient Formation of Massive Galaxies at Cosmic Dawn by Feedback-Free Starbursts
• Cold Filamentary Accretion and the Formation of Metal Poor Globular Clusters and Halo Stars
• Stellar mass spectrum within massive collapsing clumps II. Thermodynamics and tidal forces of the first Larson core
• Jeans instability criterion modified by external tidal field
• Local stability of a gravitating filament: a dispersion relation
• On the origin of the peak of the stellar initial mass function: exploring the tidal screening theory
• Gravitational instability of filamentary molecular clouds, including ambipolar diffusion
• Stellar cluster formation in a Milky Way-sized galaxy at z>4 -- I. The proto-globular cluster population and the imposter amongst us
• Local gravitational instability of stratified rotating fluids: 3D criteria for gaseous discs
• The effect of tidal forces on the Jeans instability criterion in star-forming regions
• Do tides play a role in the determination of the pre-stellar core mass function?