BlockFlex: A Hybrid Resilient Routing Method based on Robust Virtual Overlay for Mega-constellation Networks
arXiv:2512.09453
Abstract
Mega-constellation networks, comprising thousands of interconnected low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellites, represent a transformative leap in global Internet connectivity. However, their operational promise is constrained by complex dynamics arising from persistent satellite--ground topology changes and intermittent inter-satellite link (ISL) failures. These dynamics simultaneously trigger global control-plane overhead and induce sparse connectivity in the network, collectively degrading both the efficiency and resilience of routing. To address these challenges, this paper proposes BlockFLEX, a hybrid routing architecture built upon a robust virtual overlay for LEO mega-constellation networks. BlockFLEX constructs a robust virtual overlay by clustering satellites into anonymous \emph{blocks}, which masks underlying network dynamics and provides a stable topology view for the routing layer. The architecture further employs a two-tier hybrid routing strategy: convergence-free geographic forwarding operates \emph{between} blocks, while convergence-isolated routing runs \emph{within} each block, thereby localizing control-traffic propagation. Beyond this core routing foundation, BlockFLEX incorporates complementary mechanisms to enhance scalability, resilience, and efficiency. Experimental evaluations on current operational LEO mega-constellation networks demonstrate that, under scenarios with up to random ISL failures, BlockFLEX substantially outperforms state-of-the-art schemes in both routing resilience and efficiency.