p-Wave Dominant Majorana Dark Matter and Its Self-Interactions in a Gauged $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ Model

Abstract

We propose a model of $p$-wave dominant Majorana dark matter (DM) featuring a macroscopic mass gap in a gauged $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ extension of the Standard Model. Spontaneous symmetry breaking generates a dominant Majorana mass via a strong Yukawa coupling, splitting the dark fermion into two distinct states. The lighter state (${\chi }_{-}$) is the DM candidate, with an allowed mass of $\sim 10$ GeV to several hundred GeV. Crucially, within the $10\sim 75$ GeV mass range and a scalar mediator at the tens of MeV scale, this strong coupling dictates the thermal relic abundance and induces significant elastic self-interactions. These self-interactions naturally resolve small-scale structure anomalies, such as the core-cusp problem, while satisfying massive cluster constraints. Furthermore, we place stringent joint constraints on the scalar mass and the Higgs mixing angle $\alpha$ using the latest LZ 2025 direct detection data. The model's gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$ maintains early-Universe thermal equilibrium and accommodates the muon anomalous magnetic moment $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$, remaining consistent with updated cosmological and experimental bounds.

arXiv comment61 pages, 12 figures, Title changed. Substantially revised version: emphasized the macroscopic mass gap and p-wave dominant freeze-out dynamics, incorporated Sommerfeld enhancement for late-time indirect detection, and updated phenomenological constraints