Exploring the Electronic Nature of Spinel Oxides: A Review of Their Electron Interactions and Prospects

Abstract

This review discusses the multifaceted electronic properties of spinel oxides with a particular focus on Lithium Vanadate (LiV2O4), Lithium Titanate (LiTi2O4), and Magnesium Titanate (MgTi2O4). We selected LiTi2O4, LiV2O4, and MgTi2O4 because they serve as quintessential examples of spinel oxides' diverse and intriguing electronic phenomena. LiV2O4 heavy fermion behaviour challenges traditional theories in d-electron systems, LiTi2O4 being the first oxide superconductor provides critical insights into unconventional superconductivity driven by strong electron-phonon interactions, and MgTi2O4 pronounced orbital ordering and metalinsulator transition offers a clear model for exploring electron-lattice coupling. This shows how the inherent structural versatility of the spinel lattice, characterised by its cubic close-packed oxygen network and variable cation distributions, enables a rich interplay of electron-electron correlations, electron-lattice coupling, and orbital degrees of freedom. In LiV2O4, the combination of mixed-valence vanadium ions and a geometrically frustrated pyrochlore lattice gives rise to heavy fermion behaviour, whereas LiTi2O4 exhibits unconventional superconductivity driven by a high density of states at the Fermi level and strong electronphonon interactions. MgTi2O4 undergoes a pronounced metal-insulator transition, where orbital ordering triggers a Peierls-like distortion that stabilises a low-temperature insulating state through Ti-Ti dimerization. How the composition of these compounds affects their properties, based on both theoretical research and experimental findings, is illustrated by this review. It illustrates the promise of Spinels in practical technologies such as energy storage, electrocatalysis, and high-temperature lubrication.

References in corpus (52)

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• Spin singlet formation in MgTi${}_2$O${}_4$: evidence of a helical dimerization pattern
• Magnetic and orbital ordering in the spinel MnV2O4
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• Spin fluctuations in a magnetically frustrated metal, LiV2O4
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• Anomalous magnetoresistance in the spinel superconductor LiTi2O4
• The Paired-Electron Crystal in the Two-Dimensional Frustrated Quarter-Filled Band
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• Spin-Orbital Fluctuations and a large mass enhancement in LiV_2O_4
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• Generalized Kadowaki-Woods Relation in Heavy Fermion Systems with Orbital Degeneracy
• Magnetic field dependence of low temperature specific heat of spinel oxide superconductor LiTi_2O_4
• LiV${}_2$O${}_4$: frustration induced heavy fermion metal
• Electronic Structure and Heavy Fermion Behavior in LiV_2O_4
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• An orbital-selective spin liquid in a frustrated heavy fermion spinel LiV${}_2$O${}_4$
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• Spin fluctuations probed by NMR in paramagnetic spinel LiV${}_2$O${}_4$: a self-consistent renormalization theory
• Surface transitions of the semi-infinite Potts model II: the low bulk temperature regime
• Epitaxial growth and scanning tunneling microscopy of LiV${}_2$O${}_4$ thin films on SrTiO${}_3$(111)
• Effect of spin-orbit interaction on the vortex dynamics in LaAlO${}_3$/SrTiO${}_3$ interfaces near the superconducting transition
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• Confined density of states, quantum concentration, and electron degeneracy pressure in low-dimensional systems
• Anomalous vortex shape in a frustrated superconductor hosting chiral multicomponent order parameters