Gravitational collapse in the vicinity of the extremal black hole critical point
arXiv:2511.20567 · doi:10.1103/2myd-cfwh
Abstract
We study the threshold of gravitational collapse in spherically symmetric spacetimes governed by the Einstein-Maxwell-Vlasov equations. We numerically construct solutions describing a collapsing distribution of charged matter that either forms a charged black hole or eventually disperses. We first consider a region of parameter space where the solutions at the threshold of black hole formation are stationary, horizonless shells. These solutions terminate at a critical point, with their charge-to-mass ratio approaching unity from below, and the instability timescale diverging. Beyond the critical point, we find a new region of parameter space where the threshold solution is an extremal black hole. We measure the scaling of the dynamical time period of the near threshold solutions and discuss how they are connected in the two regimes. If a similar picture to the one found here holds for known families of stationary solutions of rotating matter that approach the exterior of an extremal Kerr spacetime, they could provide a route to forming an extremal spinning black hole.
arXiv comment10 pages, 6 figures; updated to match journal version
References in corpus (25)
- Sharp bounds on the critical stability radius for relativistic charged spheres
- General relativistic gravitational field of a rigidly rotating disk of dust: Solution in terms of ultraelliptic functions
- Black Hole Mergers and Unstable Circular Orbits
- Critical Behaviour in Gravitational Collapse of a Yang-Mills Field
- Critical Collapse of the Massless Scalar Field in Axisymmetry
- Phases of massive scalar field collapse
- What happens at the horizon(s) of an extreme black hole?
- Scaling of curvature in sub-critical gravitational collapse
- Critical collapse of collisionless matter - a numerical investigation
- A numerical investigation of the steady states of the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov-Maxwell system
- A numerical investigation of the stability of steady states and critical phenomena for the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system
- Critical phenomena at the threshold of black hole formation for collisionless matter in spherical symmetry
- Relativistic Dyson Rings and Their Black Hole Limit
- Self-similar spherically symmetric solutions of the massless Einstein-Vlasov system
- Critical phenomena in the gravitational collapse of electromagnetic waves
- Critical phenomena in the collapse of gravitational waves
- On Axisymmetric and Stationary Solutions of the Self-Gravitating Vlasov System
- Formation of trapped surfaces for the spherically symmetric Einstein-Vlasov system
- Uniformly Rotating Rings in General Relativity
- Critical collapse in the spherically-symmetric Einstein-Vlasov model
- Cosmic String and Black Hole Limits of Toroidal Vlasov Bodies in General Relativity
- Dynamics of gravitational collapse in the axisymmetric Einstein-Vlasov system
- The Einstein-Vlasov system in spherical symmetry: reduction of the equations of motion and classification of single-shell static solutions, in the limit of massless particles
- The Einstein-Vlasov system in spherical symmetry II: spherical perturbations of static solutions
- Twist and higher modes of a complex scalar field at the threshold of collapse