Regularization for the Schrödinger equation with rough potential: high-dimensional case

Abstract

In this work, we investigate the regularization mechanisms of the Schrödinger equation with a spatial potential $$i{\partial }_{t}u+\hat{I}”u+\hat{I}\cdot u=0,$$ where $\hat{I}\cdot$ denotes a given spatial potential. The regularity of solutions constitutes one of the central problems in the theory of dispersive equations. Recent works \cite{Bai-Lian-Wu-2024, M-Wu-Z24} have established the sharp regularization mechanisms for this model in the whole space $\mathbb{R}$ and on the torus $\mathbb{T}$, with $\hat{I}\cdot$ being a rough potential. The present paper extends the line of research to the high-dimensional setting with rough potentials $\hat{I}\cdot \in L_x^r+L_x^{\infty }$. More precisely, we first show that when $1\le r<\frac{d}{2}$, there exists some $\hat{I}\cdot \in L_x^r+L_x^{\infty }$ such that the equation is ill-posed in $H_x^3$ for any ${\hat{I}}^3\in \mathbb{R}$. Conversely, when $\frac{d}{2}\le r\le \infty$, the expected optimal regularity is given by $$H_x^{γ_*}, \quad γ_*=\mbox{min}\{2+\frac d2-\frac dr, 2\}.$$ We establish a comprehensive characterization of the regularity, with the exception of two dimensional endpoint case $d=2,r=1$. Our novel theoretical framework combines several fundamental ingredients: the construction of counterexamples, the proposal of splitting normal form method, and the iterative Duhamel construction. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the effect of the interaction between rough potentials and nonlinear terms on the regularity of solutions.