Universality of critical behaviors in the three-dimensional (3D) Ising magnets

Abstract

This article gives a brief overview on recent advances in experiments of critical exponents in three groups of magnetic materials. Revisiting experimental data verifies that a universality class with the critical exponents beta = 3/8, gamma = 5/4 and delta = 13/3 occurs in the three-dimensional (3D) Ising magnets, such as transition-metal intermetallics, rare-earth transition-metal compounds and manganites. Furthermore, the topological contributions to critical behaviors in the 3D Ising model are estimated by the difference between the exact solutions and the approximation values.

24 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables,four sentences are added in Section 3