Unified Dark Matter and Dark Energy in a model of Non-Canonical Scalar-Tensor Theory

Abstract

We consider a model of non-canonical scalar-tensor theory in which the kinetic term in the Brans-Dicke action is replaced by a non-canonical scalar field Lagrangian $\mathcal{L}(X,\varphi )=\lambda X^{\alpha }{\varphi }^{\beta }-V(\varphi )$ where $X=(1/2){\partial }_{\mu }\varphi {\partial }^{\mu }\varphi$ and $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\lambda$ are parameters of the model. This can be considered as a simple non-canonical generalization of the Brans-Dicke theory with a potential term which corresponds to a special case of this model with the values of the parameter $\alpha =1$, $\beta =-1$ and $\lambda =2w_{{}_{BD}}$ where $w_{{}_{BD}}$ is the Brans-Dicke parameter. Considering a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe with scale factor $a(t)$, it is shown that, in the matter free Universe, the kinetic term $\lambda X^{\alpha }{\varphi }^{\beta }$ can lead to a power law solution $a(t)\propto t^n$ but the maximum possible value of $n$ turns out to be $(1+\sqrt{3})/4\approx 0.683$. When $\alpha \ge 18$, this model can lead to a solution $a(t)\propto t^{2/3}$, thereby mimicking the evolution of scale factor in a cold dark matter dominated epoch with Einstein's General Relativity (GR). With the addition of a linear potential term $V(\varphi )=V_0\varphi$, it is shown that this model mimics the standard $\Lambda$CDM model type evolution of the Universe. The larger the value of $\alpha$, the closer the evolution of $a(t)$ in this model to that in the $\Lambda$CDM model based on Einstein's GR. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that this model with a linear potential can mimic the GR based $\Lambda$CDM model. However, with an appropriate choice of the potential $V(\varphi )$, this model can provide a unified description of both dark matter and dynamical dark energy, as if it were based on Einstein's GR.

30 pages, 8 figures, references added