Strong-lensing Perturber Signatures in Self-interacting Dark Matter Simulations
arXiv:2510.01491 · doi:10.1103/xrqk-1w95
The paper uses self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) simulations to study low‑mass perturbers seen in strong gravitational lensing, showing that SIDM halos evolve through core‑expansion and core‑collapse phases and can match the high densities of observed perturbers, highlighting lensing as a probe of dark matter self‑interactions.
Abstract
Motivated by recent detections of low-mass perturbers in strong gravitational lensing systems, we investigate analogs of these objects in the Concerto suite, a set of cosmological N-body zoom-in simulations of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) with high-amplitude, velocity-dependent cross sections. We investigate characteristic halo properties relevant to gravitational imaging measurements, focusing on the projected enclosed mass and the central density slope. In SIDM, these quantities evolve continuously through gravothermal processes, spanning core-expansion and core-collapse phases, in sharp contrast to cold dark matter, where they remain nearly static after halo formation. This SIDM evolution further depends on tidal environment and merger history, which can be probed through strong lensing. We also identify simulated SIDM halos whose properties are consistent with the properties of low-mass perturbers inferred from recent observations, and we demonstrate that the core-collapse mechanism offers a compelling explanation for their observed high densities. Our results highlight the potential of strong gravitational lensing as a powerful probe of dark matter self-interactions.
14 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in PRD