EMMA: Enhancing Robotic Control Robustness through a Generative Visual Model

Abstract

The generalization of vision-language-action (VLA) models heavily relies on diverse training data. However, acquiring large-scale robot manipulation data across varied object appearances is costly and labor-intensive. To address this, we introduce Embodied Manipulation Media Adaptation (EMMA), a framework for augmenting VLA policies that combines a generative data engine with an effective training pipeline. We introduce DreamTransfer, a diffusion Transformer-based architecture for generating multi-view consistent and geometrically plausible embodied manipulation videos. It supports text-driven video editing on foreground, background and lighting while preserving 3D structure and geometric fidelity. We also utilize a hybrid training set of real and generated data and propose AdaMix to enhance the training process. AdaMix is a training strategy that adaptively weights samples according to policy performance to emphasize challenging samples. Evaluations show DreamTransfer outperforms previous video generation models in multi-view consistency, geometric fidelity, and text-conditioning precision. In real-world robotic tasks with zero-shot visual settings, our framework achieves a relative performance increase of over 92% compared to training with real data alone, and improves by an additional 17% with AdaMix.