No room for minimal monopole dark matter

Abstract

The magnetic monopole of a dark sector has been advocated as an appealing dark matter candidate. We revisit the computation of the monopole abundance $\hat{I}{\text{c◯}}_M$, generated by a thermal phase transition in the minimal 't Hooft-Polyakov model. We explore the three regimes where the phase transition is second order, weakly first order, or supercooled, identifying the parameter space regions where $\hat{I}{\text{c◯}}_M$ can match the observed dark matter abundance. However, the dark sector necessarily contains a stable electrically-charged particle, namely a massive vector boson, with a calculable abundance $\hat{I}{\text{c◯}}_{W^{\prime }}$. We show that, under minimal assumptions, $\hat{I}{\text{c◯}}_{W^{\prime }}$ is always far larger than $\hat{I}{\text{c◯}}_M$: dark monopoles cannot constitute a sizeable fraction of dark matter.

Published version; 12 pages, 6 figures