Scaling limit for Brownian motions on the $l$-level Sierpinski gaskets: The fractal to Euclidean crossover

Abstract

In two dimensions, the $l$-level Sierpinski gasket $\mathrm{SG}(l)$ is obtained by splitting an equilateral triangle into a collection of $l^2$ equilateral triangles of equal size and with the same total area, retaining only the $l(l+1)/2$ triangles with the same orientation as the original triangle, and then iterating this procedure indefinitely. We show that the canonical diffusions on the spaces $\mathrm{SG}(l)$, $l\ge 2$, can be rescaled to yield Brownian motion on the initial triangle. Our argument also applies to the analogous higher-dimensional Sierpinski gaskets. Moreover, we prove a local central limit theorem for the associated transition densities. Key to this is the derivation of a Poincaré inequality, in the proof of which we exploit the Euclidean-type mixing that occurs between the bottlenecks present at each scale of the fractal.