Transversal architecture for megaquop-scale quantum simulation with neutral atoms
arXiv:2509.18294 · doi:10.1103/j2fw-ccmy
Abstract
Quantum computing experiments have made remarkable progress in demonstrating key components of quantum error correction, a prerequisite for scalable quantum computation. While we anticipate the arrival of early fault-tolerant quantum hardware capable of a million reliable quantum operations, the cost of preparing low-noise `magic resource states' presents a formidable challenge. The recently proposed partially-fault-tolerant architecture based on a space-time efficient analog rotation (STAR) approach attempts to address this challenge by using post-selection to prepare low-noise, small-angle magic states. Its proposed physical implementation, however, assumes fixed qubit connectivity, resulting in implementation costs closer to leading fully-fault-tolerant approaches. Here, we propose the transversal STAR architecture and co-design it with neutral-atom quantum hardware, deriving significant savings in logical layout, time, and space overhead. Through circuit-level simulations, we derive the logical noise model for surface-code-based transversal STAR gadgets and verify their composability. At its limit, the transversal STAR architecture can efficiently simulate local Hamiltonians with a total simulation volume exceeding 600. Achieving this limit would require approximately 10,000 physical qubits at a physical error rate of . This is equivalent to a fully-fault-tolerant computation requiring over - gates. Finally, we extend the transversal STAR architecture to high-rate quantum codes, demonstrating how a limited set of highly parallel transversal Clifford gates and generalized small-angle magic injection can be utilized for effective quantum simulation. We anticipate that the co-designed transversal STAR architecture could substantially reduce the physical resources necessary for early-fault-tolerant quantum simulation at the megaquop scale.
40 pages, 18 figures
References in corpus (66)
- Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond
- Surface codes: Towards practical large-scale quantum computation
- Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator
- Universal Quantum Computation with ideal Clifford gates and noisy ancillas
- Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays
- Fermionic quantum computation
- Quantum Phases of Matter on a 256-Atom Programmable Quantum Simulator
- Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold
- Roads towards fault-tolerant universal quantum computation
- Surface code quantum computing by lattice surgery
- Toward the first quantum simulation with quantum speedup
- High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral atom quantum computer
- Restrictions on Transversal Encoded Quantum Gate Sets
- High-threshold and low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum memory
- Quantum Simulation of Electronic Structure with Linear Depth and Connectivity
- A Game of Surface Codes: Large-Scale Quantum Computing with Lattice Surgery
- Stim: a fast stabilizer circuit simulator
- A random compiler for fast Hamiltonian simulation
- Methodology for quantum logic gate constructions
- A Race Track Trapped-Ion Quantum Processor
- Quantum Low-Density Parity-Check Codes
- Quantum LDPC codes with positive rate and minimum distance proportional to n^{1/2}
- Halving the cost of quantum addition
- Mapping local Hamiltonians of fermions to local Hamiltonians of spins
- Heisenberg-limited ground state energy estimation for early fault-tolerant quantum computers
- Decoding Across the Quantum LDPC Code Landscape
- Classification of topologically protected gates for local stabilizer codes
- Efficient synthesis of universal Repeat-Until-Success circuits
- Fault-tolerant thresholds for quantum error correction with the surface code
- Sparse Blossom: correcting a million errors per core second with minimum-weight matching
- Quantum "hyperbicycle" low-density parity check codes with finite rate
- Low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing using long-range connectivity
- A Compact Fermion to Qubit Mapping
- Stable Quantum-Correlated Many Body States through Engineered Dissipation
- A tweezer array with 6100 highly coherent atomic qubits
- Chemistry Beyond the Scale of Exact Diagonalization on a Quantum-Centric Supercomputer
- Real time evolution for ultracompact Hamiltonian eigenstates on quantum hardware
- Even shorter quantum circuit for phase estimation on early fault-tolerant quantum computers with applications to ground-state energy estimation
- The cost of universality: A comparative study of the overhead of state distillation and code switching with color codes
- Improved decoding of circuit noise and fragile boundaries of tailored surface codes
- Universal fault-tolerant gates on concatenated stabilizer codes
- Continuous operation of large-scale atom arrays in optical lattices
- Practical approximation of single-qubit unitaries by single-qubit quantum Clifford and T circuits
- A theory of quantum subspace diagonalization
- Nondestructive Fluorescent State Detection of Single Neutral Atom Qubits
- Experimental Demonstration of Logical Magic State Distillation
- Architectural mechanisms of a universal fault-tolerant quantum computer
- Continuous operation of a coherent 3,000-qubit system
- Improved quantum hypergraph-product LDPC codes
- Partially Fault-tolerant Quantum Computing Architecture with Error-corrected Clifford Gates and Space-time Efficient Analog Rotations
- Beyond NISQ: The Megaquop Machine
- Partitioning qubits in hypergraph product codes to implement logical gates
- Real-Time Krylov Theory for Quantum Computing Algorithms
- Probing the Kitaev honeycomb model on a neutral-atom quantum computer
- Fold-Transversal Clifford Gates for Quantum Codes
- Low-Overhead Transversal Fault Tolerance for Universal Quantum Computation
- Diagonalization of large many-body Hamiltonians on a quantum processor
- Constant-Overhead Fault-Tolerant Bell-Pair Distillation using High-Rate Codes
- Solving reaction dynamics with quantum computing algorithms
- Digital quantum magnetism on a trapped-ion quantum computer
- Resource Analysis of Low-Overhead Transversal Architectures for Reconfigurable Atom Arrays
- Unlocking early fault-tolerant quantum computing with mitigated magic dilution
- Spatially-Coupled QLDPC Codes
- Resource-optimized fault-tolerant simulation of the Fermi-Hubbard model and high-temperature superconductor models
- Decoding across transversal Clifford gates in the surface code
- High-fidelity initialization a logical qubit with multiple injections