Real geometric transcendence for uniformization maps of algebraic Riemann surfaces

Abstract

Let $X$ be a smooth connected complex algebraic curve that is not simply connected, and let $\tilde{X}$ be the universal cover of $X$. We study the set of irreducible real algebraic curves in $X$ (seen as a real algebraic surface) containing the image of an arc of a real algebraic curve in $\tilde{X}$. In particular, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on $X$ in order for this set to be non-empty or infinite, and we describe the set explicitly when $X$ is projective of genus one, or $X$ is hyperbolic and its fundamental group is arithmetic.

We have updated Section 2 and added Sections 3 and 4; the title, abstract and introduction have been modified accordingly