Influence of Barlens on the Bulge Parameters in the 2D Image Decomposition

Abstract

Recent observations and simulations have shown that a buckled bar in the face-on view can be considered as a combination of a long flat bar and a short round barlens (corresponding to the boxy/peanut bulge in the edge-on view). However, the barlens component can be misidentified as the bulge, potentially leading to inaccurate bulge parameter measurements in two-dimensional (2D) image decomposition. Our goal is to explore the optimal method for modeling the barlens component and to understand its impact on bulge parameter measurements in 2D image decomposition. We first analyze mock images from two different simulations (with/without bulge) to verify our decomposition method. We then apply the method to two nearby barred galaxies, NGC 1533 and NGC 7329, from the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey (CGS). Using GALFIT, we conduct 2D image decomposition by gradually increasing the complexity of model configurations. We also explore the effects of inclination by projecting the simulated galaxy to various viewing angles and analyzing the variations in bulge and barlens parameters. From the mock images, we find that the bulge-to-total ratio (B/T) could be overestimated by 50$\%$ without considering the barlens component; the Sérsic index and effective radius of the bulge are also affected to varying degrees. The decomposition results of the two CGS galaxies are consistent with our mock image tests. Uncertainties of the structural parameters of the bulge and barlens are larger at higher inclination angels due to the strong projection effect in the central region. Our findings underscore the necessity of accurately modeling the barlens, revealing that its inclusion in 2D image decomposition can lead to a decrease in B/T by $\sim$30-50$\%$, with other bulge parameters, such as the Sérsic index and effective radius, also affected.

arXiv comment20 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, comments are welcomed

References in corpus (49)

• E pur si muove: Galiliean-invariant cosmological hydrodynamical simulations on a moving mesh
• Detailed Decomposition of Galaxy Images. II. Beyond Axisymmetric Models
• Secular Evolution and the Formation of Pseudobulges in Disk Galaxies
• AGAMA: Action-based galaxy modelling architecture
• Structural Properties of Pseudo-Bulges, Classical Bulges and Elliptical Galaxies: an SDSS Perspective
• The Frequency of Barred Spiral Galaxies in the Near-IR
• The Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S^4G)
• Dynamics of Barred Galaxies
• Simulating cosmic structure formation with the GADGET-4 code
• A Near-Infrared Study of 2MASS Bars in Local Galaxies: An Anchor for High Redshift Studies
• Secular Evolution in Disk Galaxies
• The Structure of Classical Bulges And Pseudobulges: The Link Between Pseudobulges And Sersic Index
• A Classical Morphological Analysis of Galaxies in the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G)
• Imfit: A Fast, Flexible New Program for Astronomical Image Fitting
• Bulges Of Nearby Galaxies With Spitzer: Scaling Relations in Pseudobulges and Classical Bulges
• Image Decomposition of Barred Galaxies and AGN Hosts
• The Dependence of Bar Frequency on Galaxy Mass, Colour, and Gas Content -- and Angular Resolution -- in the Local Universe
• Box- and peanut-shaped bulges: I. Statistics
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. I. Overview and Atlas of Optical Images
• Near-IR Atlas of S0-Sa galaxies (NIRS0S)
• Bar-induced perturbation strengths of the galaxies in the Ohio State University Bright Galaxy Survey (OSUBGS) I
• Composite Bulges: The Coexistence of Classical Bulges and Disky Pseudobulges in S0 and Spiral Galaxies
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. III. The Three-Component Structure of Nearby Elliptical Galaxies
• Gas-driven evolution of stellar orbits in barred galaxies
• Peanuts at an Angle: Detecting and Measuring the Three-Dimensional Structure of Bars in Moderately Inclined Galaxies
• Milky Way mass galaxies with X-shaped bulges are not rare in the local Universe
• Why Buckling Stellar Bars Weaken in Disk Galaxies
• Kinematic signatures of nuclear discs and bar-driven secular evolution in nearby galaxies of the MUSE TIMER project
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. II. Isophotal Analysis
• The Frequency and Stellar-Mass Dependence of Boxy/Peanut-Shaped Bulges in Barred Galaxies
• The HST/ACS Coma Cluster Survey III. Structural Parameters of Galaxies using single-Sérsic Fits
• On the nature of the barlens component in barred galaxies: what do boxy/peanut bulges look like when viewed face-on?
• A Vertical Resonance Heating Model for X- or Peanut-Shaped Galactic Bulges
• Three Mechanisms for Bar Thickening
• An Optimal Strategy for Accurate Bulge-to-disk Decomposition of Disk Galaxies
• Barlenses and X-shape features compared: different manifestations of Boxy/Peanut bulges
• Dissecting the Red Sequence: The Bulge and Disc Colours of Early-Type Galaxies in the Coma Cluster
• The growth of disks and bulges during hierarchical galaxy formation. I: fast evolution vs secular processes
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. V. Statistical study of bars and buckled bars
• Revealing the cosmic evolution of boxy/peanut-shaped bulges from HST COSMOS and SDSS
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. VIII. Demographics of Bulges along the Hubble Sequence
• The Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. IX. Classification of Bulge Types and Statistical Properties of Pseudo Bulges
• Composite Bulges -- II. Classical Bulges and Nuclear Discs in Barred Galaxies: The Contrasting Cases of NGC 4608 and NGC 4643
• Mapping the Three-Dimensional "X-Shaped Structure" in Models of the Galactic Bulge
• Is the late buckling stage inevitable in the bar life?
• The secular growth of bars revealed by flat (peak + shoulders) density profiles
• Barlenses in the CALIFA survey: combining the photometric and stellar population analysis
• Galaxies decomposition with spiral arms -- II: A multiwavelength case study of M 51
• Bayesian bulge-disc decomposition of galaxy images