paper

On a BBP-type formula for in the golden ratio base

arXiv:2508.03743

Abstract

This paper presents a detailed, self-contained proof of a BBP-type formula for expressed in the golden ratio base, . The formula was discovered empirically by the author in 2004. The proof presented herein is built upon a fundamental geometric identity connecting to the fifth roots of unity, offering an intuitive and direct path to the result. The power of the underlying methodology is then demonstrated by extending it to establish a new, computationally efficient Machin-like formula for , expressed through rapidly converging, hierarchical series involving the golden ratio.

9 pages, 2 figures